Printer FriendlyThe Shepard's Signal™
The Shepard's Signal Marker indicates the standing of your case or statute as treated by other cases (your Cited Case or Cited Statute).
NOTE:
The Cited Case or Cited Statute is the case or statute that you are Shepardizing™. The Citing References are citations in your Shepard's report that cite the case or statute that you are Shepardizing.
Signal
Description
Detail
Warning
Negative treatment indicated.
Includes the following analyses:
- Overruled by
- Superceded by
- Revoked
- Obsolete
- Rescinded
Warning
Negative case treatment is indicated for statute.
Includes the following analyses:
- Unconstitutional
- Void
- Invalid
Questioned
Validity questioned by citing references.
Includes the following analyses:
- Questioned by
Caution
Possible negative treatment indicated.
Includes the following analyses:
- Limited
- Criticized by
- Clarified
- Modified
- Corrected
Positive
Positive treatment indicated.
Includes the following analyses:
- Followed
- Affirmed
- Approved
Citing References with Analysis
Other cases cited the case and assigned some analysis that is not considered positive or negative.
Includes the following analyses:
- Appeal denied by
- Writ of certiorari denied
Citation Information
References have not applied any analysis to the citation. For example the case was cited by case law or law reviews that do not warrant an analysis.
Includes the analysis Cited by.
NOTE:
Refer to the Shepard's® Citations Service Analysis Definitions for a complete list of analysis codes and definitions.
